Behavioral experiments / 行動実験
Behavioral training
Operant tasks: Nose poke for reward delivery with footshock.
オペラント条件付けなど行動実験と電気生理学記録とを組み合わせることで、ある行動に特異的な脳活動を抽出可能です。
![ActiveInitPoke1](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke1.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke2](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke2.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke3](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke3.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke4](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke4.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke5](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke5.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke6](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke6.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke7](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke7.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke8](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke8.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke9](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke9.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke10](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke10.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke11](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke11.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke12](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke12.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
![ActiveInitPoke13](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ActiveInitPoke13.jpg?fit=640%2C512&ssl=1)
Keywords: Reward, Punishment, pyControl, NI DAQ, OpenEphys, Amplipex
Behavioral measurements
Open Field Fest, Elevated Plus Maze, Conditional Place Preference, Linear track, Sensory test
Keywords: Free Moving, DeepLabCut
Neural activity recording / 神経活動の記録
In vivo electrophysiology
Chronic large-scale silicon probe or wire electrode recordings from freely-moving animals. In vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from head-fixed animals.
行動の背後にある神経回路ダイナミクスを記録するため、自由行動下の動物から大規模細胞外記録を行っています。麻酔下または覚醒下で頭部を固定して細胞外記録を行うこともあります。全細胞パッチクランプ記録などの細胞内記録は、頭部を固定した状態で行います。
![Amplipex](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0711.jpg?fit=640%2C426&ssl=1)
![OpenEphys (Intan)](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IMG_20200423_150111-e1590332382770.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1)
Sound of Neurons (in vivo unit recordings)
Keywords: Silicon probes, Local field potential, Single unit recordings, Tetrode recorings, Silicon probe elecordings, Spike sorting, Patch-clamp recordings
In vitro electrophysiology
Slice-patch clamp recordings are used for investigation of synaptic transmissions, synaptic connections etc.
シナプス伝達効率やシナプス結合の配線様式など神経回路の機能構造を詳しく調べたい時は、スライスパッチクランプ法などin vitroの記録を行います。
![](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Thalamus_ACh.png?fit=640%2C330&ssl=1)
Keywords: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, Membrane potentials, Action potentials, Synaptic transmission
Manipulation and intervention of neuronal activities / 神経活動の操作・介入
Optogenetics
For manipulation of neuronal activities in a temporally precise manner.
光遺伝学により、神経活動を高い時間解像度で操作可能です。
![DSC_0177](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0177.jpg?fit=2000%2C1333&ssl=1)
![DSC_0181](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0181.jpg?fit=2000%2C1333&ssl=1)
![DSC_0597](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0597-scaled-e1588447122831.jpg?fit=2048%2C1366&ssl=1)
![FigureS_(Fg_599)](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Optogenetics_Unit1.jpg?fit=910%2C484&ssl=1)
![FigureS_(Fg_599)](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Optogenetics_Unit2.jpg?fit=922%2C480&ssl=1)
Keywords: ChR2, iC++, Laser diodes, Optical cannula, Optorode, Adeno-Associated Virus vectors
Chemogenetics
For continuous manipulation of neuronal activities.
化学遺伝学により、神経活動に長時間介入することが可能です。
Keywords: hM3Dq, hM4Di, Clozapine N-Oxide, Adeno-Associated Virus vectors
Sonogenetics
For non-invasive manipulation of neuronal activities.
音響遺伝学により、非侵襲的に神経活動に介入することが可能です。
Keywords: Mechano-sensitive channels, Adeno-Associated Virus vectors
Non-invasive brain stimulation
For human applications. We use focused electrical stimulation and ultrasound stimulation.
ヒトに応用可能な新しい脳活動介入法を研究開発しています。現在は特に超音波を用いたニューロモジュレーション法に注目しています。
![](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Figure3.png?fit=1951%2C576&ssl=1)
Keywords: Transcranial Electrical Stimulation, Intersectional Short Pulse stimulation, transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation
Real-time signal processing
For on-demand interventions.
特定脳活動に時空間特異的に介入することで、新しい神経科学的問いに答えようとしています。
![](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Figure4-1.png?fit=640%2C279&ssl=1)
Keywords: Real-time singal processing, Field-Programmable Gate Array
Neuroanatomical methods / 神経解剖学的手法
Immunohistochemistry
For precise localization of molecules in tissues.
免疫組織化学染色法により、標的タンパク質を組織内で可視化することが可能です。
Keywords: Antibody, Microtomes, Cryostats
Neurotracing
For morphology of dendrites, axonal projections.
樹状突起や軸索など神経細胞の構造を可視化するため、順行性・逆行性神経トレーサーを用います。
Keywords: Biotinylated Dextran Amine, Cholera Toxin B subunit, Biocytin, DiI, DiO, DiD, Fluorogold, Wheat Germ Agglutinin
Transgenic animals
For cell-type specific knock-out, knock-in etc.
細胞種特異的な遺伝子導入や遺伝子欠損のため、遺伝子改変動物を用います。
Keywords: Mice, Rats, Cre-loxP, BAC, CRISPR-Cas9, PCR
Viral vectors
For brain region specific gene transduction.
脳部位特異的な遺伝子導入や遺伝子欠損のため、ウイルスベクターを用います。
Keywords: Adeno-Associated Virus vectors, Lenti-Virus vectors
Other research skills / その他の実験技術
Electronics
DIY if necessary.
必要に応じて工作を行っています。
![Footshock device](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/IMG_20190622_205608.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1)
![Footshock device](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Inside_Ver3.3-1.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1)
![Footshock device](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/IMG_20191225_164227-scaled-e1588450268758.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1)
![Task controller units](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0372.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
![Task controller units](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0367.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
![Active filter](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/DSC_0768.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1)
![Isolation transformer](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IMG_20190422_112236-scaled.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1)
![Variable transformer](https://i0.wp.com/ytake.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IMG_20190422_111727.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1)
Keywords: CAD, EAGLE, TINA, Gerber, PCB, Microcomputer
Repository: figshare
Statistics, Machine learning
Basic biostatistics, Machine learning.
基礎的な統計解析や機械学習を用いています。
Keywords: Biostatistics, Machine learning, Cross-Spectral Factor Analysis
Repository: GitHub
Programming
Python and MATLAB for control and data analyses.
主にPythonとMATLABを用いています。
Keywords: Python, MATLAB, C/C++
Repository: GitHub